This model predicts that the growth of malignant tumours is likely sustained not only by the mitotic potential of the tumour cell population but also by the additional mitotic power supplied by the nuclei of bone marrow derived cells which are periodically grafted into neoplastic tissues.This hypothesis is rooted in the framework of the axio-somatic (AxS) model, which is based on current concepts of human reproduction and embryogenesis considered to be a paradigm for understanding how a tumour is made and what a cancer means.
The basic objective of sex is the combination of two different types of DNA:
an autoreplicative or axial (AX)-DNA, and a protein coding or somatic (S)-DNA. Self-replicative DNA is linked to the concept of mitotic potential and somatic DNA means potential for differentiation. The testis is a generator of mitotic potential, from which it is exported as mobile centriole-DNA complexes in spermatozoa. After foetal oogonial mitotic expansion in the ovaries, the oogonia are involved in the generation of potential for neodifferentiation. Asynchronous oogonial phenotype senescence gives rise to mature ovocytes, mitotic senescent cells involved in genomic recombinations and the transcription of differentiating DNA.
From oogonia we learn that mitotic consumption uncouples cell cycle with mitosis and triggers meiosis. This long endopolyploid transit is a period of genomic instability giving rise to a mutant cell. Sporadic mutations are a consequence of mitotic consumption and take place in distal cells. The ovum is a neodifferentiated cell with a cytoplasmic microenvironment enriched with the raw nucleoproteins destined to guide the differentiation pathways of prospective transfected nuclei. Furthermore, the period of endopolyploid transit (meiosis) is a situation of genomic opening, sexual status where the nucleus of cells is accessible to extrinsic DNAs.
From mammalian reproduction we learn the rules of how nature uses cells for the generation of new mutant replicative tissular phenotypes. If mitotic consumption is a requisite for neodifferentiation, it is throughout fertilization that the potential for cell division and the potential for neodifferentiation are transformed in effective new mutant replicators; the embryos.
The axio-somatic model is a supracellular model, based mainly in the histopathologic observation and holistic interpretation of the continuous changes and evolution observed in human tissues. Our thinking is non reductionist and works at the tissue hierarchy level, emphasizing on the emergent concepts and rules, not existing at subcellular levels, regulating the behaviour of human cell populations (sociobiology).
The axio-somatic model signals the dependence of tissular growth on the germ line and the actual germ cell origin of gametopoiesis and hematopoiesis.
If the male gamete conveys proliferative power to the ovum, analogous bone marrow derived cells provide mitotic potential to primary cancers and to its metastases.
The growth of a malignant tumour is a bone marrow dependent phenomenon.
A malignant tumour results from the interaction between a clone of axial cells (bone marrow) and a clone of distal somatic cells (bi-clonal model). Bone marrow derived cells provide mitotic potential to mitotic depleted somatic cells throughout a fertilization-like mechanism and by Karyoanabiosis.
Cancer is chiefly a problem of uncontrolled auto proliferation of a group of cells. Auto replication (selfness) and mitotic potential are basic concepts needed for understanding what a cancer is and how a cancer works. Auto replication is a quantum field depending phenomenon. Mitotic potential is linked to the amount of self-replicative DNA present in cells.The mitotic potential of cells "in vivo" is limited. Fertilization means cell mediated transport and insertion of autoreplication (self- replicative DNA) in target cells.
The axio-somatic model is fully operative at cellular hierarchy level and explains the histogenesis of most cancers.
Neoplasia originates in mitotic depleted cells and tissues subjected to asynchronous phenotype and clonal senescence. Senescence is linked to the loss of self-replicative DNA by cells. Self-renewal and repair are major causes of mitotic exhaustion. Tissues and cells subjected to unequal development and ambient pressures are prone to generate senescent fields, which are possible targets for a neoplastic development.
According to the axio-somatic model, neoplastic and embryonic growths are sustained not only by the mitotic potential of resident cells but also by the additional mitotic power supplied to these growths by near naked nuclei (stem cells) originated by enucleation from primary erythroblasts. Immature erythroblasts on enucleation give rise to a stem cell fully endowed of mitotic potential; these lymphocyte-like cells can be traced in tissues by conventional staining methods.
The axio-somatic model postulates that not only initiation, but further growth of a tumour, is facilitated by the development of situations of asynchronous clonal senescence in its own population subjected to additional af-vector shooting and autofertilization.
The axio-somatic model is an autofertilization hypothesis of cancer and from this conception new therapeutic approaches need to be attempted.
In cancer, a bone marrow depending phenomenon, the shift of hematopoiesis to an embryonic type of erythropoiesis seems to be pivotal in the generation of oncotropic stem cells. This dysfunction may be reversed by the administration of specific hematopoietic growth factors.
In the axio-somatic model there are two main cellular protagonists, a vector against a target.
The vector is represented by mobile cells, the male gamete and the nuclei of some erythroblasts and their acid-fast adult stem cell progeny (acid-fast DNA vectors) some of them with male gamete functions i.e. transport of selfness and haplotype selection. These near naked nuclei (nanu) are heterochromatinic, reflecting a high chromatin compaction; furthermore they are wrapped in waxy acid-fast membranes and may exhibit a nucleo-cytoplasmic uropod (centriole-DNA complexes). When Nanus (virgin nuclei) enters in the differentiation pathway they can be disguished as male gametes, erythroblasts, hematogones, immature lymphocytes, NK cells....... and in any commited tissue specific stem cell. The latter consideration reflects our singular approach of the problem; different cellular genotypes/phenotypes do the same essential function: the support of mitotic potential to the target.
The target is represented by replicative senescent oogonial and somatic cells. Human tissues are supported by proliferating clones of cells and the replicative life of these clones and phenotypes is limited. The mitotic senescence of tissues is not homogeneous and this keeps neoplasia local. Malignancy supervenes in fields subjected to asynchronous phenotype and clonal mitotic senescence giving rise to hypertrophic cells arrested in G2 (endopolyploid transit) involved in genomic recombinations generating a new mutant phenotype.
Asynchronous phenotype and clonal mitotic senescence and tropho-replicative dissociation are major factors localising the incidence of tumours in specific anatomic sites i.e the osteosarcoma of adolescents arising in a disappearing foetal tissue phenotype; the closing growth plate of the knee.
Individual growth and evolution take place throughout the successive steps which have been grafted in a sequential order i.e. blastula, embryonic tissues, foetal tissues, adult tissues, and next prospective tissular phenotypes. Each of these sequences is limited in mitosis, however the expansion of the model may be unlimited if the germ line supplies mitotic potential to distal phenotypes. This is accomplished by reproduction (immortality of the species) and attempted by autofertilization and cancer (individual immortality).
The axio-somatic model is not only a mechanic model but it is a field dependent living model.The power of auto replication and of auto conformation present spontaneously only in living beings separates clearly the latter (quantic) from mechanics models (non quantic robots). Auto replication is the result of the resonance of the atoms of specific molecules with the quantum energy present in the field. Auto conformation follows the resonance of bio molecules, cells, organs and organisms with specific and different morphic fields which are probably present at each hierarchic level of organization . The cancer problem cannot be understanded without the introduction of the concept of the quantum field dependence of both, auto proliferation and morphogenesis. Some of the general concepts emanating from quantum and atomic physics (The continuum field-matter) are obligatory for the comprehension of the todays phenomenon of cancer.
The axio-somatic model links cell replication to the quantum energy of the field, signalling the differences between "in vivo" and "in vitro"fields.
Auto replication results from resonance of specific nucleoprotein with quantum fields, the clue of uncontrolled proliferation. The chaotic change of polarity observed in neoplastic cells in human biopsy samples reflects a change in the cell which is unable as a whole to connect with the local organizing field triggering the loss of contact inhibition. The autoreplication (selfness) present in neoplastic cells probably means the resonance of these cells with primary quantum fields of frequencies close to those present "in vitro". This specific resonance of neoplastic cells with primary fields masters proliferation, circumventing the whole subcellular outnumbering chain of biochemical and molecular events involved in the control of the cell growth.
The vector is endowed with mobile non protein coding DNA, quantum field depending, resonant, auto-replicative DNA (axial-DNA) and the target by (somatic-DNA) a protein coding DNA. The vector is a vehicle of mitotic potential whereas the target is involved in the generation of potential of neodifferentiation. Both potentials are transformed by fertilization in effective new mitotic mutant phenotypes. (Palacios 1994).
At molecular level, sex, fertilization, means melting of DNAs of different sources; self-replicative DNA (hot DNA) with post-replicative DNA (replicon depleted protein coding DNA). Fertilization means a transfer of energy (hot replicons) to the target, inducing auto-replication in the prezygotic or precancerous field.(transformation by replicon insertion). Autoreplicative nucleoprotein can be detected in tissues because it is linked to acid-fast lipid membranes. These waxy membranes probably regulates the interaction (resonance) of DNA with the field. In fact lipid denaturation entails replicon inactivation. Cancer cells can be manipulated acting on the the body fields or changing the physicall properties of quantum field sensitive cell membranes.(Thermomodulation) .
A stem cell is basically an auto replicative cell because it is full of self-replicative DNA. A stem cell is specifically resonant with the quantum field, both in the morfic and proliferative aspects. In regeneration, a blastema of stem cells can be compacted and directed by the pre existing specific morfic field to a specific anatomic structure. Early embryonic cells (stem cells) are most likelly compacted and guided to a human biotype by a species specific morfic field probably present inside the female pelvic microenvironement.
Furthermore, it has been said (Palacios 1984) that cancer is a form of tissular evolution where senescent phenotypes are replaced by new ones. Probably most of early non clinical neoplasias are assimilated by the body. If cancer means increasing repetitive attempts of tissular evolution it may be that instead of a deadly destructive approach impending evolution it may be better to help evolution integrating neoplastic cells within human tissues.
The concept of tissue evolution together with the dependence of cell proliferation and of organogenesis on bone marrow derived cells and on the non genomic (morphic and quantum) information present in the field opens new perspectives to a theoric and practical approach to the increasing menace of cancer.